Chandipura virus (CHPV) is an emerging pathogen that belongs to the Rhabdoviridae family, genus Vesiculovirus. It was first isolated in 1965 from a patient in Chandipura village in Maharashtra, India, during an outbreak of acute encephalitis characterized by fever, convulsions, and coma. Since then, several outbreaks have been reported primarily in central and southern India.
History and Outbreaks:
- First Outbreak (1965):
- Chandipura virus was first identified during an outbreak in Chandipura village, Nagpur district, Maharashtra, India. The virus was isolated from the brain of an affected child who died from acute encephalitis.
- Subsequent Outbreaks:
- Over the years, sporadic outbreaks of Chandipura virus infection have been reported from various states in India, including Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, and Telangana.
- These outbreaks typically occur during the monsoon season (July-September), with children being most affected.
- Epidemiology:
- Chandipura virus is primarily transmitted through the bites of infected sandflies (Phlebotomus spp.).
- The disease manifests as acute encephalitis syndrome (AES), with symptoms including fever, convulsions, disorientation, and coma.
- Mortality rates can be high, especially among children.
- Research and Studies:
- Research on Chandipura virus has focused on understanding its epidemiology, transmission dynamics, and potential vaccine development.
- Experimental studies have explored the virus’s replication cycle, pathogenesis, and immune response in animal models.
- Public Health Measures:
- Control measures primarily involve vector control (e.g., insecticide spraying, use of bed nets), as there are currently no specific antiviral treatments or vaccines available for Chandipura virus infection.
- Surveillance systems are crucial for early detection and response to outbreaks.
In summary, Chandipura virus is an important emerging pathogen in India, causing sporadic outbreaks of acute encephalitis primarily among children during the monsoon season. Ongoing research aims to deepen understanding of the virus and develop strategies for its control and prevention.